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Species Factsheet |
Cameraria ohridella
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Complete name:
Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic 1985
Taxonomy: Insecta » Arthropoda » Insecta » Lepidoptera » Gracillariidae » Cameraria ohridella
Authors: Sylvie Augustin
Last updated: October 20th, 2006
Taxonomy: Insecta » Arthropoda » Insecta » Lepidoptera » Gracillariidae » Cameraria ohridella
Authors: Sylvie Augustin
Last updated: October 20th, 2006
Common Names
Horse chestnut leaf-miner.
Synonyms
Cameraria ohridella
Short Description
Tiny moth, 3-5mm long with phytophagous larvae, mining leaves of white-flowered horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum); can also develop on other Aesculus species and occasionally on maple.
Biology / Ecology
- Dispersal Mechanisms
- Local dispersal through adult flight and infested leaves blown by the wind. Long-distance dispersal is human-mediated.
- Reproduction
- From April onwards; an average of 75 eggs are laid per female on the upper epidermis of horse-chestnut leaves. Produces four (rarely five) mining and two spinning larval instars; usually three generations per year in Western Europe, but up to five overlapping generations depending on weather conditions and climate.
- Known Predators/Herbivores
- Many native birds and insects attack pre-imaginal stages. The moth is also attacked by several polyphagous, native parasitoid species (chalcidoids and ichneumonids).
- Resistant Stages (seeds, spores etc.)
- Pupae diapausing in leaves.
Habitat
- Native (EUNIS Code)
- Unknown
- Habitat Occupied in Invaded Range (EUNIS Code)
- G1: Broadleaved deciduous woodland, I2: Cultivated areas of gardens and parks, X13: Land sparsely wooded with broadleaved deciduous trees, X11: Large parks, J: Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats
- Habitat Requirements
- Occurrence of host trees
Introduction Pathway
Adult moths are transported by wind, anthropogenic transport by vehicles, in infested leaf fragments or infested nursery stock.
Distribution
- Native Range
- Unknown
- Known Introduced Range
- Most of Europe except a large part of northern Europe, Ukraine and Western Russia
- Trend
- It is increasing in distributional range and in abundance in newly colonized areas
Distribution Map
Main symbols used in maps
   | known distribution area (in CGRS grid squares; in countries; along coast) |
Specific symbols occurring only in some species
 | eradicated |
 | extinct |
 | not present; eradicated |
 | native distribution range in CGRS grid squares |
 | native range |
 | assumed native range |
 | infrequent distribution |
 | key distribution area |
 | not established |
Countries
| Country | Status | Contributor |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Austria | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Belgium | Alien/Established | Jurate De Prins , Willy De Prins |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | Alien | |
| Corse (Corsica) | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Croatia | Alien | |
| Czech Republic | Alien/Established | CLV |
| Denmark | Alien/Established | CLV |
| European part of Russia | Alien/Established | Sergey Sinev |
| Finland | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| France | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Germany | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Great Britain | Alien/Established | Phil Lambdon |
| Hungary | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Italy | Alien/Established | unsp. Faccoli , unsp. Pellizaari |
| Latvia | Alien/Established | Willem Ellis |
| Lithuania | Alien/Established | Povilas Ivinskis |
| Netherlands | Alien/Established | Willem Ellis |
| Poland | Alien/Established | Lukasz Przybylowicz |
| Romania | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Serbia | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Slovakia | Alien/Established | Peter Sima |
| Slovenia | Alien/Established | Gabrijel Seljak |
| Spain | Alien/Established | Elisenda Olivella |
| Sweden | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Switzerland | Alien/Established | Roques Alain |
| Ukraine | Alien |
Impact
- Ecosystem Impact
- The severely defoliated trees produce smaller seeds with a lower fitness that affects tree regeneration and seriously impairs recruitment of horse chestnut in the last endemic forests in the Balkans. Parasitism rates are low, but a single tree can host up to a million leaf-miners. As most of the parasitoids emerge when larvae or pupae are not yet available, this may have an important impact on the native leaf-miners.
- Health and Social Impact
- Aesthetic, but aesthetic impact raises significant public concern.
- Economic Impact
- The main cost is derived from severely damaged horse chestnut trees planted in cities and villages. Methods (additional leaf removal, insecticide treatment, replacement of trees) used to control this pest have a supplementary cost for municipalities.
Management
- Prevention
- None.
- Mechanical
- Complete removal of leaf litter, in which pupae hibernate, is the only effective measure available to lessen the damage. The majority of adults can be prevented from emerging when the leaves are properly composted (e.g. coverage of horse chestnut leaves with a layer of soil or uninfested plant material)
- Chemical
- Aerial spraying with Dimilin is efficient. Other "biological pesticides" with fewer non-target effects, such as Neem, is also possible but its efficiency is usually considered to be lower. Stem injection is also efficient, but is not widely registered. It injures trees through necrosis and infections, and the systemic insecticide may cause side effects on non-target species.
- Biological
- Unknown at the moment.
Contributors
The following contributors have provided records in the DAISIE database for this species.
| Name | Institute |
|---|---|
| CLV | |
| Elisenda Olivella | |
| Gabrijel Seljak | |
| Jurate De Prins | |
| Lukasz Przybylowicz | |
| Peter Sima | |
| Phil Lambdon | NERC Centre for Hydrology and Ecology |
| Povilas Ivinskis | |
| Roques Alain | |
| Sergey Sinev | |
| unsp. Faccoli | |
| unsp. Pellizaari | |
| Willem Ellis | |
| Willy De Prins |
Experts
The following experts registered themselves as having knowledge about this species or its family.
| Name | Institute | Country | Taxa |
|---|---|---|---|
A. Bettina Johne |
Institute for Forest Zoology and Conservation | Germany | Cameraria ohridella (name) |
Gitta Siekmann |
Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture / BBA | Germany | Cameraria ohridella (name) |
Hans Peter Ravn |
University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Nature Management,Section of Forest, Nature and Biomass | Denmark | Cameraria ohridella (name) |
Daniela Lupi |
Università degli studi di Milano | Italy | Cameraria ohridella (name) |
A. Bettina Johne |
Institute for Forest Zoology and Conservation | Germany | Gracillariidae (name) |
Sylvie Augustin |
INRA | France | Gracillariidae (name) |
Jaroslaw Buszko |
Copernicus University, Department of Animal Ecology | Poland | Gracillariidae (name) |
Gitta Siekmann |
Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture / BBA | Germany | Gracillariidae (name) |
Jurate De Prins |
Royal Museum for Central Africa | Belgium | Gracillariidae (name) |
Rumen Tomov |
University of Forestry | Bulgaria | Gracillariidae (name) |
Ferenc Lakatos |
University of West Hungary | Hungary | Gracillariidae (name) |
Hans Peter Ravn |
University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Geoscience and Nature Management,Section of Forest, Nature and Biomass | Denmark | Gracillariidae (name) |
Daniela Lupi |
Università degli studi di Milano | Italy | Gracillariidae (name) |
Dr. Volker Nicolai |
Germany | Gracillariidae (name) |
Google Links
References
Gilbert M, Guichard S, Freise J, Grégoire JC, Heitland,W, Straw N, Tilbury C, Augustin S (2005) Forecasting Cameraria ohridella invasion dynamics in recently invaded countries: from validation to prediction. J. Appl Ecol 42:805-813
Girardoz S, Kenis M, Quicke DLJ (2006) Recruitment of native parasitoids by an exotic leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella: host-parasitoid synchronisation and influence of the environment. Agric Forest Ent 7:291-296
Thalmann C, Freise J, Heitland W, Bacher S (2003) Effects of defoliation by horse chestnut leafminer (Cameraria ohridella) on reproduction in Aesculus hippocastanum. Trees 17:383-388
Girardoz S, Kenis M, Quicke DLJ (2006) Recruitment of native parasitoids by an exotic leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella: host-parasitoid synchronisation and influence of the environment. Agric Forest Ent 7:291-296
Thalmann C, Freise J, Heitland W, Bacher S (2003) Effects of defoliation by horse chestnut leafminer (Cameraria ohridella) on reproduction in Aesculus hippocastanum. Trees 17:383-388
Other References
This website was developed with support from the European Commission under the Sixth Framework Programme through the DAISIE project - Contract Number: SSPI-CT-2003-511202.
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